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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(2): 263-267, feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115785

ABSTRACT

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a prevalent congenital septal atrial defect usually without pathological significance. In certain pathogenic situations, PFO can trigger episodes of recurrent hypoxemia, a specific condition known as platipnea-orthodeoxia syndrome (POS). We report a 73 years old female presenting with dyspnea and low arterial oxygen saturation. On admission the patient had a hemoglobin saturation of 81% and an arterial oxygen partial pressure of 50 mmHg. After breathing 100% a 17% arterial-venous shunt was found (normal: less than 12%). A transesophageal echocardiogram and a cardiac catheterization showed the presence of a PFO. A percutaneous closure was performed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Foramen Ovale, Patent , Cardiac Catheterization , Treatment Outcome , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Dyspnea , Hypoxia
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 144(6): 767-771, jun. 2016. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-793987

ABSTRACT

The contractile state of the heart is the result of myocardial contractility, the intrinsic mechanism that regulates the force and the shortening of the ventricle and determines the ventricular ejection volume. However, the ejection volume is also modulated by ventricular preload (diastolic ventricular volume) and afterload (resistance to ejection). Accordingly, a decrease in contractility may be masked by changes in preload or afterload, maintaining a normal ejection volume and delaying the diagnosis of myocardial damage. Thus, it is necessary to develop a non-invasive method to measure contractility in the clinical practice. We review in this article the basic principles of cardiac contraction, the concept of contractility and its measurement with the ventricular pressure-volume loop, an experimental method that also measures most of the hemodynamic variables of the cardiac cycle including preload, afterload, ventricular work, ventricular lusitropy and arterial elastance. This method has been recently validated in cardiac patients and allows to evaluate the evolution of contractility in heart failure in a non invasive way. Although some modifications are still necessary, it will probably have an extensive use in practical cardiology in the near future.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Stroke Volume/physiology , Ventricular Function/physiology , Myocardial Contraction/physiology , Hemodynamics/physiology
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 143(12): 1512-1520, dic. 2015. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-774435

ABSTRACT

Background: Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular disease. Its surgical indication is undisputed in symptomatic severe AS, however, 30% of patients are at high surgical risk or inoperable. Transcatheter Valve Implantation (TAVI) is an alternative for this group of patients. Aim: To describe the clinical outcomes of TAVI in a group of patients treated at the Instituto Nacional del Tórax, Santiago, Chile. Patients and Methods: Prospective study including all patients referred for TAVI due to their high surgical risk or being inoperable. All-cause mortality, secondary stroke, permanent pacemaker implantation, vascular complications, prosthetic and periprosthetic regurgitation, Karnosfky test and Functional Capacity (FC) were assessed as endpoints. Results: We evaluated 26 patients with a mean age of 82 years (74% women) in whom 27 procedures were done. The mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons score was 8.8%. Overall mortality at 30 days, one and two years was 11.1, 18.5 and 29.6% respectively. Karnofsky score increased significantly from 62.3% at baseline to 83.9; 88.6 and 88.8% at six months, one and two years, respectively. Prior to the procedure, FC was 3.1 ± 0.6, decreasing significantly to 1.2; 1.3 and 1 at six months, one and two years of follow up. Conclusions: TAVI is an effective alternative treatment for patients with severe symptomatic AS and high surgical risk.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Bone Density , Osteoporosis/diagnosis , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies
4.
Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 32(4): 387-393, oct.-dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-692407

ABSTRACT

El Sindrome de Intestino Irritable (SII), es un transtorno funcional muy común y causa frecuente de consulta en gastroenterología, su fisiopatología es multifactorial y se caracteriza por dolor abdominal, distensión y alteración de los hábitos defecatorios, su terapia es básicamente sintomática (loperamida, antiespasmódicos, antidepresivos,etc).Recientemente se ha incorporado al tratamiento, el uso de probióticos que podrían mejorar su sintomatología. POBLACIÓN Y MÉTODO: Ensayo Clínico doble ciego aleatorizado simple, multicentrico que incluyó pacientes con diagnóstico de SII basado en criterios de Roma III. A estos se les administró Bromuro de Pinaverio mas placebo o Bromuro de Pinaverio mas Probiótico. La intensidad de los síntomas y el efecto del tratamiento fue valorado de acuerdo a Score de Francis antes y al final del tratamiento. Los cálculos fueron hechos con el programa SPSS 12.0.IC 95% RESULTADO. Se evaluaron 51 pacientes con promedio de edad de 43 años, mayoritariamente mestizos, 75%(38) casados y 55%(28) del sexo femenino, se encontró diferencias significativas en 4 variables de comparación: Dolor abdominal, Severidad del dolor, Días de dolor, y el Score total al final del tratamiento. CONCLUSIONES Los Probióticos utilizados como suplemento son efectivos en mejorar la sintomatología del SII.


Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a very common functional condition and a frequent cause of consultation in gastroenterology. With a multifactorial pathophysiology IBS is characterized by abdominal pain, distension and altered bowel habits. Loperamide, antispasmodics and antidepressants are symptomatic relievers of this disorder. Recently probiotics were incorporated to therapy, and could improve the symptomatology. Methods: multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial that included IBS patients, diagnosed with Rome III criteria. The patients were given pinaverium bromure and placebo or pinaverium bromure and probiotics for 3 weeks. The intensity of symptoms and the effect of therapy were evaluated with the Francis Score, before and after the treatment. Statistics were done with SPSS 12.0 (C.I 95%). Results: 51 patients were evaluated, with an average age of 43 years old, mostly mestizo, 75% (38) married and 55% (28) female. There were statistical differences in four variables: abdominal pain, intensity of pain, days of pain and total score at the end of therapy. Conclusions: Probiotics used as supplement are effective in improving symptomatology of IBS.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Irritable Bowel Syndrome/therapy , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Combined Modality Therapy , Double-Blind Method , Drug Administration Schedule , Follow-Up Studies , Lactobacillus acidophilus , Morpholines/therapeutic use , Parasympatholytics/therapeutic use , Prospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Outcome
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 139(12): 1553-1561, dic. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627589

ABSTRACT

Background: Neuropsychological dysfunction is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. Aim: To evaluate if intraoperative cerebral desatu-ration and depth of anesthesia measured by bispectral index are related to postoperative cognitive dysfunction in cardiac surgery. Material and Methods: Prospective study in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. A comprehensive neuropsychological assessment was applied preoperatively and 3 months after surgery. Postoperative dysfunction was defined as a decrease of at least one standard deviation in two or more neuropsychological tests. Cerebral oxygenation and bispectral index were continuously recorded and corrected throughout surgery. Cerebral oxygenation data were analyzed by the mean value and at three thresholds: 50%, 40% and < 25% of the basal value. Bispectral index was analyzed at threshold of 45. Results: Fifty-six patients were initially enrolled and 48 completed the study. Nine of these (18.8 %) presented postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Mean cerebral saturation and bispectral index data were not different among the patients with or without cognitive dysfunction. There was no association between cerebral desaturation and bispectral index with changes in neurocognitive tests or with length of stay in the intensive care unit. A significant but weak correlation was found between baseline Ray-neurocognitive score and intensive care unit stay (rho = -0.46; P = 0.001). Conclusions: We did not find a significant association between cerebral desaturation and depth of anesthesia with postoperative cognitive decline in this population of patients.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anesthesia/adverse effects , Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Coronary Artery Bypass/adverse effects , Monitoring, Intraoperative/methods , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Electroencephalography , Epidemiologic Methods , Intensive Care Units , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Postoperative Complications/etiology
6.
Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 30(1): 40-45, ene.-mar. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-558994

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las prácticas de sedación utilizadas durante las colonoscopias varían ampliamente entre países, centros endoscópicos y aún gastroenterólogos. Conocer el tipo de sedación utilizada actualmente y su relación con indicadores de calidad en colonoscopía, ayudará a mejorar la calidad de la misma. OBJETIVOS: Conocer el tipo de sedación utilizada durante las colonoscopias en el Policlínico Peruano Japonés, y su relación con indicadores de calidad en colonoscopía: tasa de intubacióncecal y tasa de detección de adenomas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio correlacional observacional transversal y retrospectivo. Se registraron los datos de las colonoscopías realizadas en el Policlínico Peruano Japonés durante el año 2007, las cuales fueron realizadas por 10 endoscopistas. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 843 colonoscopías, de las cuales el 63,1 por ciento recibió sedación moderada, el 36,7 por ciento sedación profunda y sólo el 0,2 por ciento no recibió sedación. La sedación moderada se llevó a cabo más comúnmente con la combinación midazolam + meperidina, en tanto que la sedación profunda utilizó casi exclusivamente propofol, en combinación con otro agentes. Un anestesiólogo estuvo presente en el 38,4% de las colonoscopias. El análisis estadístico mostró diferencias significativas en la tasa de intubación cecal cuandose usó sedación profunda: 96,1 por ciento respecto a la moderada: 94,5 por ciento (p=0,009). Igualmente hubo diferencias significativas en la tasa de detección de adenomas con la sedación profunda: 26,9 por ciento , respecto a la moderada: 15,8 por ciento (p=0,0001). Se reportaron complicaciones inmediatas en el 9 por ciento de procedimientos, siendo más comunes cuando se usó sedación profunda: 13,3 por ciento , respecto a la moderada: 6,4 por ciento (p=0,003)...


INTRODUCTION: The practice of sedation used during colonoscopy vary widely between countries, even gastroenterologists and endoscopy centers. Knowing the type of sedationused at present and its relationship to quality indicators of colonoscopy, will help improve the quality of it. OBJECTIVES: To determine the type of sedation used for colonoscopies in the Japanese Peruvian Polyclinic, and its relation to quality indicators in colonoscopy: cecal intubation rateand detection rate of adenomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional correlational. Data were recorded colonoscopies performed in the Japanese Peruvian Polyclinic during 2007, which were conducted by 10 endoscopists. RESULTS: We included 843 colonoscopies, of which 63.1 percent received moderate sedation, deep sedation, 36.7 percent and only 0.2 percent received no sedation. Moderate sedation was performed most commonly with the combination midazolam + meperidine, whereas deep sedation propofol used almost exclusively in combination with other agents. An anesthesiologist was present in 38.4 percent of the colonoscopies. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in cecal intubation rate when deep sedation was used: 96.1 percent compared to the moderate: 94.5 percent (p = 0.009). Equally significant difference in adenoma detection rate with deep sedation, 26.9 percent ,compared with the moderate: 15.8 percent (p = 0.000). Immediate complications were reported in 9 percent of procedures was more common when deep sedation was used: 13.3 percent compared to themoderate: 6.4 percent (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The moderate sedation was the most common method of sedation used for colonoscopies in the Japanese Peruvian Polyclinic. Deep sedation was associated with high errates of cecal intubation and adenoma detection, but also in more immediate complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Quality of Health Care , Colonoscopy , Conscious Sedation , Deep Sedation , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational Studies as Topic
7.
Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 29(4): 326-331, oct.-dic. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-559293

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Edad, género e indicación para el examen son conocidos predictores de detección de pólipos adenomatosos durante colonoscopía. Pero no se conoce la importancia del endoscopista en dicha detección.OBJETIVOS: Determinar el papel del endoscopista en la detección de pólipos adenomatosos durante la colonoscopíaMATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio correlacional observacional transversal y retrospectivo. Se registraron los datos de las colonoscopías realizadas en el Policlínico Peruano Japonés durante el año 2007, las cuales fueron realizadas por 10 endoscopistas. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 843 colonoscopías. El análisis estadístico mostró diferencias significativas entre endoscopistas respecto a su tasa de detección de pólipos adenomatosos (p=0,038). El rango para la detección de al menos 1 pólipo adenomatosopor colonoscopía fue de 14,6-30,0 por ciento. En los pacientes mayores de 50 años, también hubo diferencias significativas entre endoscopistas en su tasa de detección de pólipos adenomatosos (p=0,001). El rango para la detección de al menos 1 pólipo adenomatoso fue de 18,2-37,5 por ciento en dicho grupo. Igualmente se determinó que la edad y el género fueron poderosos predictores de pólipos adenomatosos, tanto para la cohorte total, como para los pacientes mayores de 50 años. Respecto a la indicación para la colonoscopía, no se encontró diferencia significativa entre las categorías, con un p=0.288. CONCLUSIONES: El endoscopista es tan o más importante que la edad, género o indicación para el examen, en predecir la detección de pólipos adenomatosos durante la colonoscopia.


INTRODUCTION: Age, gender and indication for the examination are known predictors of adenomatous polyp detection during colonoscopy. But no one knows the importanceof the endoscopist in detection.OBJECTIVES: To determine the role of the endoscopist in detecting adenomatous polyps during colonoscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Is retrospective cross-sectional correlational study. Datawere recorded colonoscopies performed in the Japanese Peruvian Polyclinic during 2007, which were conducted by 10 endoscopists. RESULTS: A total of 843 colonoscopies. Statistical analysis showed significant differencesbetween endoscopists regarding the detection rate of adenomatous polyps (p = 0.038). The range for the detection of at least 1 adenomatous polyp by colonoscopy was 14,6-30,0 percent.In patients over 50 years, there were also significant differences between endoscopists in detection rate of adenomatous polyps (p = 0.001). The range for the detection of atleast 1 adenomatous polyp was 18,2-37,5 percent in that group.Also found that age and gender were powerful predictors of adenomatous polyps, both for the total cohort, and patients older than 50 years. Regarding the indication for colonoscopy, no significant differencebetween the categories, were found p = 0.288. CONCLUSION S: The endoscopist is as or more important than age, gender or indication for the examination, in predicting the detection of adenomatous polyps during colonoscopy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Colonoscopy , Adenomatous Polyps
8.
Interciencia ; 32(3): 180-184, mar. 2007. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-493019

ABSTRACT

Se evaluaó el reinicio de la actividad ovárica posparto (RAO) y los metabolitos de lípidos en vacas lecheras suplementadas con aceite vegetal durante el posparto temprano. Se emplearon 18 vacas Holstein Friesian de tercer parto, de 597,3 ± 50,2 kg y condición corporal = 3,5 ± 0,6. Los animales fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos, uno experimental suplementado con 500 g de aceite vegetal durante 8 semanas a partir de la segunda semana posparto (CAV; n=9), y uno control sin suplemento (SAV; n=9), RAO se determinó cuando las concentraciones semanales de P4 fueron mayor igual Ing/ml y se mantuvieron por dos semanas consecutivas. P4 fue medida por radioinmunoensayo y los metabolitos de lípidos (colesterol, lipoproteínas de alta y baja densidad, triglicéridos y lípidos totales) por enzimunocolorimetría, en muestras de sangre colectadas semanalmente durante el período de suplementación grasa. RAO se presentó siete días antes en el grupo CAV respecto a SAV (23,3 ± 12,8 vs 29,6 ± 12,4 días, P<0,05). La concentración media de P4 no se vio afectada (1,48 ± 0,31 vs 1,15 ± 0,31ng/ml para CAV y SAV, respectivamente); sin embargo, se observó un efecto significativo entre los días 28 y 56 a favor del grupo CAV. Entre los metabolitos de lípidos, solo colesterol, triglicéridos y lípidos totales, mostraron diferencias (P<0,05): 109,3 ± 9,9 vs 135,7 ± 9,9; 29,3 ± 7,9 vs 41,3 ± 7,9; y 366,2 ± 50,3 vs 434,2 ± 50,3 mg/dl para SAV y CAV, respectivamente. La suplementación grasa acorta el reinicio de la actividad ovárica posparto e incrementa la concentración plasmática de colesterol, triglicéridos y lípidos totales en vacas lecheras


Subject(s)
Animals , Cholesterol , Colorimetry , Lipids/analysis , Ovary , Plant Oils , Triglycerides , Mexico , Venezuela , Veterinary Medicine
9.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 25(1): 85-91, ene.-mar. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-485645

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: Episodios breves de ejercicio previos a la oclusión prolongada de una arteria coronaria disminuyen el tamaño del infarto inducido por ésta. Objetivo: Dado que la administración intracoronaria de Ca2+ induce precondicionamiento, y el ejercicio probablemente aumenta el calcio citosólico, decidimos estudiar si el precondicionamiento por ejercicio está mediado por Ca2+. Material y método: Para ello analizamos el efecto del bloqueo de los canales de calcio del sarcolema, con verapamilo, sobre la acción precondicionante del ejercicio. Se midió tamaño del infarto en perros entrenados a correr en cinta sin finasignados aleatoriamente a los siguientes grupos. I: Isquemia inducida por oclusión coronaria durante 1 hora seguida de reperfusión por 4 hrs. E+I: Similar al grupo I, pero los perros hicieron ejercicio antes de inducir la isquemia. V+I: Similar al grupo I, pero se administró verapamilo antes de inducir la isquemia. V+E+I : Similar al grupo E+I, pero se administró verapamilo antes del ejercicio. Para estudiar el posible rol mediador del retículo sarcoplasmático (RS) en los efectos de la isquemia y de verapamilo, se midió la captación y la liberación de calcio en vesículas de RS de la pared del ventrículo izquierdo sometida a isquemia con o sin verapamilo en perros con y sin precondicionamiento con ejercicio. Los resultados, expresados como promedio +/- ES, se analizaron mediante ANOVA seguido del test de Holm para comparaciones múltiples. Resultados: Verapamilo revirtió el efecto protector del ejercicio sobre el tamaño del infarto (E+I: 6,0 +/- 9,4; N=12 vs V+E+I: 27,7+/-9,6; N=15; P<0.05), pero no modificó el efecto protector del ejercicio precondicionante sobre los trastornos de transporte de calcio en el RS inducidos por la isquemia. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados sugieren que el precondicionamiento inducido por ejercicio está mediado por la entrada de calcio a la célula...


Background: Brief episodes of exercise prior to a prolonged occlusion of a coronary artery substantially reduce infarct size. Aim: Since the intracoronary administration of Ca2+ induces preconditioning and exercise most likely increases cytosolic calcium we put forward the hypothesis that preconditioning by exercise is mediated by calcium. Methods: For this purpose we analyzed the effect of verapamil, a sarcolemmal calcium channel blocker, on preconditioning by exercise. We measured infarct size in dogs randomly assigned to one of the following groups. I: Ischemia induced by coronary occlusion during 1 hour followed by reperfusion during 4 hours. E+I: Similar to group I, but the dogs run on a treadmill prior to ischemia. V+I: Similar to group I but verapamil was administered before the coronary occlusion. V+E+I: Similar to group E+I but verapamil was administered before exercise. SR vesicles from ventricular tissue were isolated from dogs subjected to the same experimental protocols and calcium release and active calcium uptake were measured. Results were expressed as Mean +/- SE and analyzed by ANOVA followed by Holm test for multiple comparisons. Results: Verapamil reverted the protective effect of exercise on infarct size (E+I: 6,0 +/- 9,4; N=12 vs V+E+I: 27,7 +/- 9,6;N=15; P<0.05) however it did not modify the protective effect of exercise on the alterations produced by ischemia on calcium transport in the RS. Conclusions: These results suggest that the preconditioning effect of exercise is mediated by calcium entering the cell through the sarcolemma but not by exercise effects on SR calcium transport.


Subject(s)
Animals , Calcium/metabolism , Myocardial Infarction/metabolism , Ischemia/metabolism , Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial , Verapamil/pharmacology , Analysis of Variance , Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology , Control Groups , Dogs , Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , Exercise Test/methods , Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism , Sarcolemma , Sarcolemma/metabolism
12.
Enfermería ; 24(93): 32-4, mayo-ago. 1989. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-136254

ABSTRACT

Se realizó en el área urbana de la comuna de Chillán, un estudio de examen coproparasitológico (Método Telemann modificado) a 301 preescolares de jardines infantiles de diferentes niveles socioeconómicos. El 58.5 por ciento de los pre-escolares tenia enteroparasitosis, de los cuales el 46.5 por ciento correspondió a pre-escolares de jardines semifiscales. Las especies de parasitosis que se diagnosticaron con mayor frecuencia para pre-escolares de jardines particulares y semifiscales fueron: giardia lamblia, 19.3 por ciento y 36.45 por ciento ; protozoos comensales, 11.9 por ciento y 31.77 por ciento y ascaris lumbricoides 0.9 por ciento y 22.91 por ciento , respectivamente. Se concluye que las tasas elevadas de infección van en relación con grupos de bajo nivel socioeconómicos y cultural. La infección intestinal más frecuente en preescolares giardia lamblia, con 30.23 por ciento del total de casos. Debería normarse al ingreso de los preescolares de jardines infantiles semifiscales, el examen coproparasitológico y su tratamiento, si el caso lo requiere


Subject(s)
Child Day Care Centers/prevention & control , Chile , Giardia , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/prevention & control , Parasitology/statistics & numerical data
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